Vol. 3, Issue 2, Part A (2021)

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the contrasting mechanisms, clinical profiles, and management strategies associated with chronic and acute heavy metal poisoning. Heavy metal exposure is a significant public health concern, with diverse environmental and occupational sources leading to varying degrees of toxicity. Through an extensive literature review, this paper delineates the distinct biochemical pathways activated in chronic and acute exposure scenarios. Chronic poisoning, resulting from prolonged exposure to lower concentrations of heavy metals, is characterized by insidious onset and nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive impairment, and gastrointestinal disturbances. In contrast, acute poisoning is marked by high-level exposure leading to immediate, severe, and often life-threatening symptoms, including acute renal failure, neurological dysfunction, and cardiovascular collapse. The study further explores diagnostic challenges, emphasizing the need for heightened clinical awareness in different settings. Management strategies are critically reviewed, highlighting chelation therapy's role and supportive care measures. The paper concludes with recommendations for improved diagnostic protocols, treatment modalities, and public health policies to mitigate heavy metal exposure risks. This comparative study enhances understanding of heavy metal toxicity's dual nature, providing a foundation for better clinical and public health practices.