Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part A (2024)

The use of sex-sorted semen in dairy cattle breeding programs has emerged as a strategic approach to accelerate genetic gain and optimize herd structure by preferentially producing female offspring. Despite its advantages, conception rates following sorted semen insemination remain lower and more variable than those achieved with conventional semen, raising concerns about biological efficiency and economic sustainability. Increasing evidence suggests that subtle alterations in the biochemical milieu of dairy cows at the time of insemination and early embryonic development play a decisive role in determining conception success. Metabolic status, endocrine balance, oxidative stress markers, and mineral availability collectively influence ovarian function, oocyte competence, uterine receptivity, and embryo survival. Indicators such as blood glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, progesterone, cholesterol, urea nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, and antioxidant enzymes have been linked to fertility outcomes, yet their specific associations with conception following sorted semen use remain inadequately synthesized. Variations in these parameters may reflect negative energy balance, metabolic stress, or subclinical deficiencies that compromise fertilization and implantation, particularly under the reduced sperm numbers characteristic of sex-sorted semen. Understanding these biochemical determinants is essential for developing predictive tools and targeted management strategies that enhance reproductive efficiency. This article consolidates current evidence on key biochemical indicators associated with successful conception in dairy cattle inseminated with sorted semen. By integrating findings from reproductive physiology, dairy biochemistry, and fertility research, the review highlights critical metabolic and hormonal thresholds conducive to conception. The synthesis aims to support veterinarians, reproductive specialists, and dairy managers in refining nutritional, health, and insemination protocols. Identifying reliable biochemical markers can facilitate early intervention, improve conception rates, and maximize the genetic and economic benefits of sex-sorted semen technology in modern dairy production systems worldwide.